About the project:

Every day the status of the earth gets worse than the day before. Greenhouse effect, global warming and all of the striking problems approach the massive destruction of the earth. Therefore, most of the scientists Began to research in getting a suitable homeland. The robots are the vital factors which deliver the data from all around the world to choose a suitable homeland. After researching, it was found that MARS is the most suitable one. Solar storms are disturbing the data transferred from robots to the planet earth. The data sent in the form of radio waves cause a drop in data due to the protons released from the sun in the solar storm. So, we replaced the radio waves by laser beams which are not affected by a solar storm and it sends data faster without a drop. The sender and receiver program which helps in getting the data and convert it to the machine language then from machine language to human language. All of this program is done using python.

Purpose:

One of ways to send messages across outer space is by radio waves for instance, it travels from a transmitter all the way from earth surface to eternity. Radio waves are good mean of communication, but it has a lot of constrictions and complications, one of which is the signal itself as it disperses easily by any small opposing radiation in the cosmos making them vulnerable to mislay. The earth magnetic fields play an important role next to the atmosphere of which there is a layer of free ions constrict the waves passage to outer space. A laser on the other hand is just a stimulated optical amplification that is emitted to millions of miles away. Laser also is an optical beam that has a determined and guided path caused by its ability of spatial coherence making it tied to one spot. It can be used in transmitting energy across the space faster than traditional radio waves.

Hypothesis:

- Does the laser pass through space?

- Can solar storms disturb laser waves?

- What happens when you cross a celestial body or any object in front of the laser?

- And also when the receiver cannot receive the laser beam because of its intensity.

Background research:

The project depends on many facts about laser on the internet. And the materials which used is available in shops and online. And there are some links which the project confirms its validity:

-Shaik, A., LASER. Retrieved from https://www.physics-and-radio-electronics.com/phys...

-How Lasers Work, by Eagle Autodesk, September 15, 2017: https://www.autodesk.com/products/eagle/blog/how-l...

-Questions from sites about laser like Quora: https://www.quora.com/Is-there-any-sensor-to-detec...https://www.quora.com/Which-sensor-is-used-to-dete...

-Robo India, About Arduino, December 04, 2018: https://roboindia.com/tutorials/digital-analog-ir-...

-What is Laser, Nasa space, December 04, 2018: https://spaceplace.nasa.gov/laser/en/

Procedures:

In this project, we depend mainly on scientific research. First, we are interested in astronomy and technology. While reading we found out that there is massive destruction for earth due to the greenhouse effect and many side effects for human bad activities, so we start to solve this problem and from the best solution is finding alternative homeland which is MARS. To know more about mars conditions robot used as data sending factor, after that we start to read about the communication between robots there and earth and it found that there is a problem which is a drop of data at most of the time. After that we start to know more about the reason, which is solar storms that release protons that effect on radio waves sent by a robot, we tried to solve that problem by finding alternative factor and exchange radio waves with, it found that laser is the best factor after knowing its properties by reading physics books. Finally, we tried to increase the efficiency by increasing data send speed by making a program that characterized with fast sending program.

Data Analysis:

• THE SUN STORMS
• First the data recognized even characters or audio or pictures by ROBOT in mars.
• After that this project included a program that changes the data to machine language to facilitate sending by using asci codes.
• Then the program sends the machine language in form of laser beam each number (0,1) has identical color. (where the 1 is green beam and 0 is red one)
• Then the sender which is located outer the earth’s atmosphere (satellite) reserve the laser beam.
• Finally, this project also included program that changes the laser beams different color to machine language then to data that can be recognize and read by human language.
• Its low cost where the used is sender which is small laser station that located on robot that character as low cost one, also the receiver which is LDR sensor or laser color detector low costed sensors.
• The high efficiency and fast sending data where each kilo byte take part of second.

The sun storm is protons that released and affect the data communication and cause drop in data, Earth lost data even sent from “opportunity” or “INSIGHT”, Radio waves affected while the sun storm that can take weeks. So we need another way or exchanges the radio waves that affected by storm by something that doesn’t affected, and after research it was found that LASER is the best way.....Yes Laser

It is noticed that laser has a characteristic that make it chose to built the project and act as basic of it, and that after know it’s characteristics.

Characteristics of Laser

Laser light has four unique characteristics that differentiate it from ordinary light: these are;

1- Coherence

We know that visible light is emitted when excited electrons (electrons in higher energy level) jumped into the lower energy level (ground state). The process of electrons moving from higher energy level to lower energy level or lower energy level to higher energy level is called electron transition.

In ordinary light sources (lamp, sodium lamp and torch light), the electron transition occurs naturally. In other words, electron transition in ordinary light sources is random in time. The photons emitted from ordinary light sources have different energies, frequencies, wavelengths, or colors. Hence, the light waves of ordinary light sources have many wavelengths.

2- Directionality

In conventional light sources (lamp, sodium lamp and torchlight), photons will travel in random direction. Therefore, these light sources emit light in all directions.

On the other hand, in laser, all photons will travel in same direction. Therefore, laser emits light only in one direction. This is called directionality of laser light. The width of a laser beam is extremely narrow. Hence, a laser beam can travel to long distances without spreading.

3- High intensity

• You know that the intensity of a wave is the energy per unit time flowing through a unit normal area. In an ordinary light source, the light spreads out uniformly in all directions.
• If you look at a 100 Watt lamp filament from a distance of 30 cm, the power entering your eye is less than 1/1000 of a watt.
• In laser, the light spreads in small region of space and in a small wavelength range. Hence, laser light has greater intensity when compared to the ordinary light.
• If you look directly along the beam from a laser (caution: don’t do it), then all the power in the laser would enter your eye. Thus, even a 1 Watt laser would appear many thousand times more intense than 100 Watt ordinary lamp.
• Thus, these four properties of laser beam enable us to cut a huge block of steel by melting. They are also used for recording and reproducing large information on a compact disc (CD).

4- Monochromatic

Monochromatic light means a light containing a single color or wavelength. The photons emitted from ordinary light sources have different energies, frequencies, wavelengths, or colors. Hence, the light waves of ordinary light sources have many wavelengths or colors. Therefore, ordinary light is a mixture of waves having different frequencies or wavelengths.

On the other hand, in laser, all the emitted photons have the same energy, frequency, or wavelength. Hence, the light waves of laser have single wavelength or color. Therefore, laser light covers a very narrow range of frequencies or wavelengths.

Photos in communication

Also, the laser can be used to send photos not just characters, (as shown in the pic)

Each pixel changed to machine language and sent by red and green color.

All of the above make us use the laser as a main transmitter for data, but how the laser can send data??

Mechanism for sending data by laser….

All of the above take seconds to send a relative large files where each kilo byte takes a part of second.

From the advantage of this solution.

And the most important one is doesn’t affected by solar winds that make data sent at any time without any drop.

Conclusion:

After testing the project by making prototype that act as a simulation for the real on, it is found that laser could be more useful than traditional uses. As it proved its excellence in sending data with high speed. Also after researching it’s found that laser can propagate through space and sending data without drop and without effecting with protons emitted in solar winds. There are a lot of celestial bodies that can obstruct the beam but after research it’s found that all celestial bodies movement calculated and expected so it can easily avoid it during sending data. so, it can send data without any drop mentioned. Also it’s found that laser beam can navigate through space with higher speed than radio waves (That used as a factor for sending data in space). so, it can be said that this project has a high speed character.

Future plans:

Many Ideas we want to make it but we depend on low cost. So, if there are more ideas like:

1- Make dictionary for communication laser with (1,0) with more colors.

2- Make app connect to the communication system to control from any place.

3- Make the receiver module in box with mirrors to reduce the possibility of not receiving the laser beams.

4- Use raspberry pi in image processing to convert photos to (0,1) without need another device.

You can watch The Project. click on the hyperlink.

Our project’s code on the following link: https://github.com/kuhl33d/l4s3r

Check our presentation on the following link: https://my.visme.co/projects/76pwq7kz-laseric-mess...